Recital 1

Online social networking services, video-sharing platform services, artificial intelligence (‘AI’) companions, general conversational chatbots, online games, and software application stores that have become an important part of the daily lives of minors. Such information society services and AI systems provide opportunities for minors in the areas of identity development, learning, education, civic participation, relationship development, communication, connection and creativity. At the same time, some of those services and systems, including because of their design, may create risks to minors’ privacy, safety and security. These risks include, for example, exposure to illegal or content and risks resulting from cyberbullying or contact from individuals seeking to harm minors. Minors may also face risks as vulnerable consumers through commercial practices that may be manipulative and cause unwanted spending, compulsive and addictive behaviour. These risks can originate from the direct experience of the minor with the online social networking services, video-sharing platform services, AI companions, general conversational chatbots, online games, and software application stores or from the actions of other users on the platform or the systems.